Nausea in a newborn cause. Causes of vomiting in a baby

Parents know that in the first years of a baby's life vomiting often occurs... This phenomenon looks like the release of previously eaten food through the mouth. At times, some parents think that vomiting and spitting up are the same thing. However, this is a delusion. When regurgitating, food is excreted through the mouth due to overeating. When a newborn vomits, it is due to cramps in the lower stomach. But there are cases when vomiting also arose as a result of overeating.

If a baby constantly excretes food masses from the stomach through the mouth, then this is a reason to be wary. It is possible that this is due to the not fully developed gastrointestinal tract, which is still unable to effectively perform its main functions. You should not worry about this, because it takes a lot of time for the baby and his body to adapt to this world.

But children grow up pretty quickly, and therefore very soon their body will learn right process food... If, after a few weeks, and even more so months, vomiting in the baby does not disappear, and the frequency of its manifestation remains at the same level, then this is a reason to consult a doctor for advice.

If you are increasingly seeing stomach emptying in your child, keep in mind that it may indicate a serious illness. Due to frequent vomiting in infants, dehydration of the body... At the same time, there is a threat to his life if vomit can enter the respiratory tract. Therefore, young parents need to be especially attentive to how the child behaves in the first years of his life.

The first thing I would like to say is that there are several types of vomiting that can occur in the first years of life in a baby:

• regurgitation;
• vomiting and diarrhea;
• after feeding;
• fountain;
• usual.

Vomiting in infants, which manifests itself in the form of an independent eruption and stomach cramps, as a result of which not only food comes out, but also other formations - mucus, blood, indicates that the child has a certain medical condition. This pathology can occur in a little man for a variety of reasons. Specialists currently distinguish several main ones:

• uremia;
• infection of the urinary tract;
• trauma to the abdomen;
• poisoning;
• sepsis;
• otitis media;
• respiratory tract infections;
• appendicitis;
• intestinal obstruction. This pathological disease can be acquired or congenital.

However, these are not all the reasons due to which a small child may experience symptoms vomiting... Observing the condition of the baby, you need to pay attention to the composition of the vomit. If the parents saw in them not only milk, but also extraneous formations in the form of bile, blood and mucus, then this is a signal that you need to immediately consult a doctor for an examination. It is likely that a serious disease develops in the child's body, which can only be detected by an experienced doctor.

Common vomiting

In the event that vomiting occurs in infant infrequently without temperature, and at the same time its composition is quite normal, this phenomenon can only be explained by a gastrointestinal disorder.

If the involuntary excretion of food through the mouth occurs very rarely, then, most likely, the cause of the pathology is infection of the genitals. If the cause of the malaise is appendicitis, then it can be identified not only by vomiting, but also by acute pains in the abdomen, due to which the baby will emit piercing screams.

If the cause of vomiting is a disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, then such a symptom of the disease is considered to be secondary. Be that as it may, vomiting, which makes itself felt not only by the release of liquid masses, but also by an increase in temperature, is a sufficient reason to immediately undergo an examination in a hospital or cause ambulance on house.

Young parents can very easily confuse vomiting with regurgitation, so you should dwell on this in more detail. You should not worry about this phenomenon, since this often happens in an infant due to overeating or air entering the stomach, which does not pose a serious threat to the baby's health. When a child regurgitates, only food debris can be found when leaving the mouth. There is nothing wrong with this, so there is no reason to think about the presence of a serious pathology.

Vomiting after feeding

Young moms caring for baby for a long time, they gradually get used to the fact that after the next feeding, the baby begins to spit up. But in some cases, an atypical reaction of the child's body may occur in the form of active excretion of food through the mouth. The first thought that a mom might have is the child was poisoned by milk... However, it is not. All this is a consequence of aerophagia, that is, when the baby swallows air while sucking on the breast. Vomiting in the clinical picture resembles regurgitation, but here the process of food excretion is more active, which can confuse young parents.

This is not really a cause for panic. It's just that when food comes out of the stomach in this way through the mouth, it indicates that the baby was not properly attached to the mother's breast. In such a situation, you need to do the following - remove the remaining air, and the milk you drink will come out with them. Most babies often burp after such vomiting.

You can prevent the reappearance of vomiting after feeding if you are careful while eating your baby. To do this, it must be kept in correct position... When the baby finishes eating, it should be held for a while with a column - this will help remove air that has gotten with milk from the stomach. After a while, you can hear the characteristic sound of belching, but at the same time, food will not come out of the baby's mouth. Based on this, we can say that the feeding procedure was carried out correctly.

Poisoning an infant

Vomiting in infants can be caused not only by the penetration of air into the stomach along with milk, but also by an irregular daily routine. If, after eating, the child immediately begins to play active games or his parents start to rock or shake him, then all this will eventually end with the appearance of vomiting syndrome.

Just put yourself in the child's shoes: even an adult may experience discomfort in the abdomen if, after a meal, you start to shake him or perform other similar actions with him.

As a result, there will be a favorable situation for the reverse exit of food. This can happen with young children. Moreover, this happens much more often due to the fact that their body is not yet adapted to new living conditions. If the baby begins to wobble immediately after feeding, then this will definitely negatively affect the work of the digestive system. To prevent this from happening to your child, make it a rule not to disturb him for half an hour after eating.

Fountain vomiting

In addition to the above negative consequences, after a meal, the child may also sometimes vomit with a fountain. This phenomenon can be explained by various reasons - overfeeding, the presence of serious diseases.

If the baby is fed only natural milk, then it will be very difficult for his parents to control the amount of food they eat. The baby can suckle for a very long time, which can ultimately result in stomach overflow. The physiology of young children is such that their stomach has a very small volume, and its walls do not yet have the ability to stretch. If he eats more than his stomach can fit food, then the internal pressure in him will rise and then spread to the valve of the stomach and esophagus.

Due to the pressure, the walls of the stomach will begin to contract, and, as a result, excess milk will fountain out in the form of vomiting. The strength of the secretions that will go out will depend on the amount of milk eaten and the pressure it creates in the stomach.

If this phenomenon is extremely rare, then parents need not worry. It's another matter if this type of malaise makes itself felt constantly. In this case, it is necessary to take measures to control food intake, and to do this is simple - with the help of a regular bottle. After completing the next procedure for feeding the baby, you need to hold him in an upright position for several minutes and observe him during this time. When the baby is in a horizontal position, the food he has eaten under the influence of the gag reflex can enter the respiratory tract, which can cause asphyxia.

If, while observing the child, you noticed that vomiting with a fountain is still present, and the reason for its appearance has nothing to do with overfeeding, then in this case you should show it to the doctor. It is possible that a serious disease of an important organ is taking place here.

Vomiting and diarrhea

What actions should parents take if, against the background of vomiting, the baby has diarrhea? The main thing is not to worry about this, because it is enough mild pathology, which is very easy to identify and cure. If the baby has diarrhea, then most likely this is due to the penetration of bacteria, infection or virus into the body. Faced with such a threat, the body will do whatever is necessary to remove the foreign body. It is a consequence of the body's struggle with an external stimulus that vomiting and diarrhea are. Also, some newborns diarrhea can be the result of poisoning.

In addition to the symptoms already indicated, the child may have a fever. She can also help at home without visiting a doctor to identify an ailment on early stage... Against the background of diarrhea and fever, the child often develops a state of weakness, the skin turns pale and the lips dry out.

In a state where the baby has vomiting with diarrhea, the body temperature can rise to 39 degrees. From this we can conclude that qualified medical care is needed here. Very often in the summer months, bacteria enter the child's body, causing poisoning. Therefore, if the baby has a fever against the background of vomiting and diarrhea, then this is a good reason to show it to the doctor.

Treatment

If you notice vomiting in a child, then the first thing you need to do is to figure out whether this is a pathological process of excretion of food from the stomach or is it just ordinary regurgitation. Specialists have no methods of treatment for vomiting, since it is nothing more than a symptom of a certain disease or pathology. To protect the child from vomiting in the future, need to establish the reasons, due to which this phenomenon occurs. And after these reasons are eliminated, the child's health will return to normal, and he will no longer have vomiting.

What should parents do if they notice vomiting in a baby?

First, you need to calm down. From this moment, carefully observe the condition of the child. Pay attention to the composition of the stool and the shape. It won't hurt you yet take temperature measurement, by which you can also determine the health of the crumbs. And when you have all this information, you can go to the doctor and inform him about your observations at the reception.

• After each involuntary discharge of food from the stomach through the mouth, it is always necessary to cleanse the mouth and nose of food debris and other foreign formations. After that, the baby needs to be given a little water to normalize the body's water balance.
• If there is a suspicion of poisoning, then it is necessary to wash the stomach.
• In a situation where the cause of vomiting was a viral infectious disease, the child is given antibiotics.

Conclusion

Vomiting in babies can occur for various reasons. In most cases, it turns out to be an ordinary regurgitation, and there is no need to worry about this if it manifests itself without temperature. But when, in addition to this symptom, other unpleasant signs for a baby, for example, fever, diarrhea, then this indicates that the child has a serious illness. In any case, if parents have doubts about what exactly is happening to the baby, do not stay idle. It is best to go straight to your doctor for professional advice.

Attention, only TODAY!

Vomiting in infants is not common. That is why it is strongly discouraged to leave it unattended. Only a doctor can correctly assess the situation. The situation becomes especially dangerous if the child vomits and has a fever, the risk of dehydration increases. The situation indicates serious pathologies and disorders in the functioning of the digestive system.

In medical practice, vomiting in a newborn is a symptom of a large number of serious diseases. Thanks to this reflex, the body prevents the development of intoxication. Quite often, vomiting is observed in the case of serious intestinal infections. Thanks to the symptom, the body tries to get rid of harmful microorganisms.

Experts do not recommend giving babies antiemetic drugs right away. If, in addition, the state of health of the crumbs is aggravated by fever and diarrhea, then the presence of inflammation in the digestive system is suspected. In this case, gastritis, colitis or pancreatitis may be diagnosed. It is also impossible to exclude congenital pathologies or deviations of a neurological nature.

Pathological causes of vomiting

Most often, in newborns, this symptom is not associated with dangerous diseases... However, there are more serious situations that require immediate medical attention.

Features of the manifestation of acute appendicitis

Vomiting in infants without fever is one of the symptoms of this disease. In infancy, it is extremely rare. During this period, nutrition is balanced, so the appendix cannot become inflamed. Additional symptoms include diarrhea, colic, bloating, apathy, irritability, and various bouts of pain. Children under one year old begin to pull their legs to the tummy and constantly cry. When probing the pelvic region, the baby begins to react negatively. For appendicitis in infants, doctors face problems in diagnosis. This requires an X-ray examination of the abdomen. Unfortunately, the statistics are sad - 80% of newborns die in the presence of inflammation of appendicitis.

Negative effects of foreign objects

Vomiting can be caused by severe irritation of the esophagus. A foreign object can get stuck anywhere. In this case, the muscles begin to contract reflexively.

Vomit may also contain blood or mucus. It is important to get the object out of the throat in time. The child should be closely monitored. If he behaves calmly and is not capricious, then there is no reason to worry. However, an emergency "Ambulance" should be called if the baby has breathing problems.

Features of the manifestation of intestinal obstruction

This disease can be congenital or acquired. The causes of vomiting in infants lie in infectious diseases. Intestinal obstruction can be complete or partial. The suspicion of the presence of the disease is recorded in the first days of the manifestation of vomiting. Additionally, your baby may have bloating. In this case, meconium or bile is present in the masses of vomit. The manifestation is life threatening to the baby, so immediate treatment is required. Mom should stop feeding her baby. In the future, the process will be carried out through a dropper.

Disorders of the sphincter of the stomach

The sphincter is a special organ that closes the opening between the esophagus and stomach. Due to its expansion, food is forced to rise back. The gag reflex catches up with the baby in a position on the tummy or back. A negative manifestation can be avoided if the baby is transferred to a vertical state. Additionally, it is recommended to transfer the baby to formula feeding. Food intake is carried out only in small portions.

It is important to make sure that there is no pain in the tummy area

As a rule, the work of the sphincter returns to normal as the child grows up. However, if vomiting is repeated regularly, and the baby is not gaining weight well, then it is recommended to be monitored by a pediatrician. With some manifestations of the disease, it is also impossible to do without consulting a surgeon. After diagnosing this pathology, babies are prescribed antireflux mixtures. They have a thicker consistency. This replacement is considered temporary. It will be possible to return to normal nutrition after the restoration of the functioning of the organs of the digestive system. Additionally, you will need to take drugs that will reduce muscle tone for organs gastrointestinal tract.

Neurological abnormalities in a child

Diseases of this group are diagnosed at the stage intrauterine development... They arise against the background of oxygen starvation or fetal asphyxiation during childbirth. With nausea, the child shows his increased excitability. The manifestation can be aggravated by strabismus, seizures, lethargy, or tremors. Neurological disorders are quite common in premature babies who have underweight... They are treated by a neurologist in a hospital setting.

Pyloric stenosis: features and nature of the manifestation of the disease

The disease is diagnosed in case of narrowing of the canal between the stomach and the entrance to the duodenum. Vomiting in an infant is considered one of the main symptoms of congenital pathology. The contents of the intestine cannot move, therefore, it comes out in the opposite way. Diseases are diagnosed in one month old baby... In this case, vomiting is characterized by a thick consistency. If you do not start treatment on time, then the baby suffers from hunger and does not gain weight. Only surgical intervention will help to eliminate the pathology.

Features and nature of the manifestation of pylorospasm

The disease is also associated with muscle constriction when entering the duodenum. It is classified as functional. Pathology occurs in children in the first months of life quite often. It goes away on its own until the age of four months. An increase in gastrin is characteristic of an infant. This hormone is responsible for the muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract. Vomiting in a fountain is the main symptom of the disease that cannot be ignored. As the child grows older, the muscles relax, so the reflex fades away. Depending on the nature of the manifestation of the disease, the need for nutrition through an antireflux mixture is considered.

Brain disorders

Any head injury can cause vomiting. It is impossible to insure small children against it. The symptom develops against the background of a tumor, meningitis, encephalitis and infections of a dangerous nature. It appears suddenly after eating. Additionally, the child has a sluggish state, poor pulse and pallor of the skin.

During seizures, the child should be turned over onto the tummy.

Additional symptoms

Parents are interested in the question of why vomiting is always aggravated by other symptoms. Most often, the crumbs additionally develop vomiting and diarrhea. When analyzing them, you can correctly diagnose:

• During food poisoning, the infant's well-being can be aggravated by diarrhea. This situation occurs quite often after the baby begins to eat adult food. The symptom speaks of food poisoning or malfunctioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The situation can be aggravated by an increase in body temperature. The reaction can be not only because of complementary foods, but also because of mother's milk. In this case, an individual intolerance to a component of the mixture or medication is diagnosed.
• The body temperature rises in case of severe intoxication of the body. Vomiting in this case is considered as an individual reaction of the body to external negative changes. The symptom accompanies acute forms of poisoning and infection that develops in the intestines. A noticeable increase in body temperature is recorded at the time of the eruption of the first milk teeth.
• However, vomiting does not always look the same. It can occur against the background of the immaturity of the digestive system. The symptom manifests itself in the case of problems in the field of neurology or allergies, or inability to digest cow protein. Vomiting can occur against a background of functional disorders. For example, an excessive amount of fluid can enter the stomach. In this case, the baby develops a cough, which can cause a gag reflex.
• Vomiting also occurs when a large amount of fluid enters the stomach. Her child may choke. The reflex can work against the background of too active games. After them, it is not recommended to move on to active games.

How to distinguish vomiting from regurgitation?

These two states have many features in common. That is why their symptoms can be easily confused.

Regurgitation is the natural process by which food debris travels from the stomach into the mouth. This physiological state can be observed just a few minutes after eating. Vomiting occurs at least half an hour after a meal. Regurgitation is not dangerous and is a normal physiological process that can occur against the background of overeating, active games, or a large amount of air entering the stomach. In this case, nothing needs to be done, because the manifestation will pass after the digestive system has fully matured. Parents should not take any measures to stop the process.

Vomiting is the result of a reflex that causes a small portion of the stomach's contents to be ejected into the mouth. In this case, there is an additional tension of all muscles of the abdominal cavity and diaphragm. This process is controlled by a special center in the brain. Additionally, the child has the presence of nausea, a pale state of the skin, profuse salivation and excessive breathing. The kid begins to get irritated and behave extremely restlessly. In the vomit, it will be possible to additionally find admixtures of gastric juice.

Rehydron is used to restore water-salt balance in the body

Regurgitation is a completely different process that does not have the following symptoms:

• regular urge to vomit;
• not isolated cases of manifestation;
• a large amount of fluid comes out of the stomach;
• vomit contains a pronounced yellow;
• an increase in body temperature;
• the baby begins to behave extremely restlessly.

The need for urgent medical attention

Pediatrician consultation is required in the following cases:

• the child has severe cramps in the tummy, which make him behave extremely restlessly;
• complete absence of a chair;
• profuse vomiting, which is repeated every half hour;
• there are clear signs of dehydration;
• the baby just recently fell from a great height and hit its head;
• an increase in body temperature, which passes against the background of general weakness and drowsiness;
• in the vomit, there are clear signs of blood streaks.

Until the ambulance arrives, parents must be with their child at all times. It should be kept upright. It is not recommended to feed the baby and give him anti-vomiting drugs. Parents are also not allowed to try to flush the stomach on their own. After the next attack, you should remove all stool and rinse your mouth. Vomit should not be on the baby's delicate skin for a long time.

If the symptom manifests itself over a long period, then the baby must be given glucose-salt solutions. Among them, Regidron is very popular. It is sold over the counter without a prescription. It is advisable to purchase it in advance and always keep it at hand.

Vomiting is a protective physiological mechanism that exists to evacuate the pathological contents of the gastrointestinal tract. The appearance of vomiting in a breastfed baby is often provoked by both organic and functional pathology of the body.

Very often, such symptoms arise due to the intoxication of the child's body. If parents notice the urge to vomit in their newborn baby during and after latching on to the breast, then they should show the baby to a medical specialist to identify the cause of such symptoms.

Vomiting or regurgitation

If we talk about such a physiological phenomenon as regurgitation, then this event is a variant of the norm. This physiological process exists to eliminate portions of air that have entered the stomach of a newborn baby during feeding. Young parents need to be able to, since the tactics of their further behavior depends on it.

The following signs speak in favor of gagging:

• Before the onset of vomiting, the newborn looks restless, cries and is capricious;
• During vomiting, the baby's digestive tract pushes out a large amount of gastric contents;
• Vomiting tends to recur;
• Outgoing gastric contents often acquire a yellowish or greenish tint and contain an admixture of bile;
• Vomiting may be accompanied by an increase in body temperature and pallor of the skin.

Causes

The following reasons can provoke the appearance of vomiting in a newborn baby who is breastfed:

• The ingress of a foreign body into the esophagus. Young children tend to “taste” many objects, which increases the risk of foreign bodies entering the esophagus. This circumstance is the reason for the reflex spasm of the walls of the esophagus, followed by the formation of the gag reflex. In such a situation, parents need to immediately call the ambulance team, while observing the contents of the vomit. Alarming signs in this case are the admixture of mucus and blood in the vomit, increased salivation in the child and signs of respiratory failure;
• Acute appendicitis. Despite the fact that this surgical pathology is extremely rare in infancy, its appearance cannot be ruled out. A common symptom of inflammation of the appendix of the cecum is vomiting, which is accompanied by bloating, general weakness, frustration, and fever. If the baby is worried about these symptoms, he becomes whiny, restless. Lying on its side or on the back, the baby tries to bend its legs to the stomach. With a light touch to the belly of a newborn, he has tension in the anterior abdominal wall, which indicates an increase in pain;
• Intestinal obstruction. In newborns, this pathology occurs due to previous severe infectious diseases, as well as due to abnormalities in the structure of the intestines. In medical practice, it is customary to distinguish partial and complete obstruction. In children with such a diagnosis, gagging is observed during and after feeding, while the elements of bile or original feces are determined in the vomit. This condition threatens the life of the child, so if the parents suspect one of the listed symptoms in the baby, it must be taken to a medical specialist;

• Neurological pathology. If, during the period of intrauterine development, a neurological failure occurred in the fetus, emetic urges during infancy are characteristic manifestations of the pathology of nervous regulation. Asphyxiation of the baby during labor and after it can serve as a factor in the development of neurological diseases. In such children, systematic urge to vomit is observed, which are accompanied by convulsive syndrome, tremors of the limbs and chin, increased lethargy or nervous irritability. Premature low birthweight babies are at particular risk for neurological disorders. Such babies are necessarily hospitalized in a hospital and treated under medical supervision;
• Pylorospasm. Between the duodenum and the stomach there is a kind of anatomical formation that provides a dosed movement of food along the entire length of the digestive tube. If the muscles of the so-called gatekeeper contract in the body of a newborn, then medical specialists diagnose pylorospasm. For newborn babies under the age of 4 months, this pathology is common, since the baby's body produces a large amount of gastrin. Under the influence of this biologically active substance, an increase in the tone of the muscles of the pylorus is observed. Vomiting during and after feeding often indicates the development of pylorospasm;
• Pyloric stenosis. This organic pathology belongs to the category of congenital diseases. Pyloric stenosis is characterized by a decrease in the lumen between the stomach and the duodenum. With this disease breast milk cannot move freely from the stomach cavity into the intestines. Against the background of such a failure, the baby has a pronounced gag reflex. If the baby suffers from pyloric stenosis, then early symptoms this disease makes itself felt within 1 month of life. The development of pyloric stenosis is also indicated by the nature of the vomit, which acquire a curdled consistency. Against the background of pyloric stenosis, the baby is slowly gaining or losing weight, showing signs of hunger and thirst. To correct this disease, the baby is shown surgical intervention;
• Traumatic head injuries. If, on the eve of vomiting, a newborn child had a head injury associated with or bruised, then vomiting indicates a concussion of the brain substance. If the baby is faced with a traumatic brain injury, then along with the gag reflex, he develops bradycardia, pallor of the skin and increased drowsiness. Such children are subject to immediate hospitalization.

Alarming symptoms

After parents have discovered the symptoms of the gag reflex in a newborn baby, it is important for them to monitor its condition in dynamics.

As alarming symptoms indicating the need to call an ambulance brigade, there are:

• Frequent crying, whims and refusal to latch on to the breast;
• Signs of dehydration
• The appearance of various impurities in the vomit of an infant;
• Weakness, increased drowsiness and pallor of the skin;
• Increased body temperature;
• Visual signs of tension in the abdominal muscles in a child;
• Changes in the nature of the stool, as well as the appearance of impurities of mucus and blood in the feces.

Having recognized the pathological symptoms, the primary task of young parents is to call the emergency team. Until the arrival of medical specialists, the baby is kept in an upright position, avoiding sudden movements.

Until the period of establishing the cause of the vomiting of the child, it is strictly forbidden to apply to the chest, rinse his stomach or engage in independent selection of medications. To avoid irritating effects of vomit, skin wipe gently around the baby's mouth with a clean tissue or handkerchief.

After the relief of acute manifestations of malaise, the baby is prescribed a consultation with a pediatrician and other narrowly specialized medical specialists. In the course of a comprehensive examination, the child will be prescribed an ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, urine, blood and feces tests. If necessary, the doctor will expand the list of diagnostic measures.

The digestive system of a newborn baby is not yet adapted to "adult" food. Its main and healthiest food is mother's breast milk. All other substances will only have Negative influence on the body of a little man, as a result of which a violation of the digestive process and vomiting in an infant can occur. For this reason, starting complementary feeding or feeding with milk formula is possible only with the permission of the pediatrician and under his supervision.

Quite often, vomiting in an infant can occur due to an intestinal infection, with which the baby's immunity is not yet able to fight. There are times when the mother, forgetting about the rules of personal hygiene, is the reason for the infection of the baby. In no case should mothers take the baby's pacifier and pacifier in their mouths, taste the mixture, take the baby in their arms, without washing their hands with soap before.

In addition to intestinal infection, there are a number of other reasons due to which vomiting may appear in an infant:

Nutritional errors in the diet of a nursing mother;

Sudden changes in temperature;

Violation of the development of the organs of the digestive tract;

Impaired vaccinations;

Binge eating. If the child ate more milk than his stomach allows, then the body will get rid of excess fluid through vomiting. This is a kind of protective reflex;

Feeding with an improperly prepared milk formula or a mixture of powder that has been stored for a long time;

Feeding foods that are not intended for this age, as a result of which gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) or gastroenteritis (inflammation of the lower organs) may occur.

If you vomit little child does not disappear for a long time, causes lethargy and apathy of the baby, is accompanied by fever, convulsions, causes dryness, leads to a decrease in body weight, then this condition requires an immediate call for an ambulance. With a single vomiting, you can limit yourself to calling a doctor at home for a consultation.

Often in the practice of pediatricians there is severe vomiting in a child, accompanied by high temperature... This ailment occurs as a result of taking medications. The thing is that the baby's body is not ready to take pharmacological drugs, for this reason, the baby has an emetic process, thanks to which the child's body gets rid of the drug, antibiotic or antipyretic agent. Also, vomiting can occur as a reaction of the baby's body to a high temperature.

If you observe signs of vomiting and fever in your child, call an ambulance immediately. At this time, provide the baby with plenty of drink, create conditions for an upright position of the body, not allowing the head to be thrown back, do not feed the baby or give him any medicines, periodically clean the baby's nasal passages and in no case prevent the vomit from escaping.

If vomiting in an infant appears at the moment when complementary foods are introduced into the baby's diet, this indicates that the stomach is not ready to assimilate new food. In this case, postpone the introduction of complementary foods for several days, start giving a new product in a smaller volume, carefully monitor the quality of the food consumed by the baby, and be sure to contact your doctor.

If vomiting persists in a baby up to a year old (with the introduction of complementary foods), then medication may be needed. It will allow you to properly form the intestinal microflora and create conditions for the normal functioning of the pancreas.

Infant vomiting is very common. Its reasons are varied. To determine them, you need to take into account the age, accompanying symptoms: the presence or absence of fever, diarrhea, the content of vomit, etc. responsible for its occurrence, is located in the medulla oblongata. Impulses can come from completely different internal organs, vestibular apparatus and cortical centers of perception. Sometimes vomiting occurs as a result of exposure to the medulla oblongata of various toxins and drugs.

If a child has vomiting suddenly and without fever, what should be done before the doctor arrives? First aid should be given during and immediately after gastric emptying.

Necessary:

• make sure that the child does not choke - do not allow his head to be thrown back, do not lay him on his back, you need to turn his head to one side, preferably raising it by 30 °;
• after vomiting, rinse the child's mouth with warm water or wipe the mouth, corners of the mouth and lips with a wet cotton swab. Instead of water, you can use a weak disinfectant solution, such as potassium permanganate or boric acid;
• often give a child to drink in small portions, the water should be cool, for older children - cold. To eliminate vomiting, you can add a few mint drops, use Rehydron. For children under one year old, give 2 teaspoons every 5 minutes, from one to 3 years - 3 each, from 3 years - 4.

If the attack of vomiting is single and is not accompanied by fever, diarrhea, deterioration in the general condition of the child, you can postpone calling the doctor.

All that needs to be done is to carefully observe the baby and in case of deterioration, the appearance of additional symptoms, seek medical help.

Grounds for calling an ambulance

Vomiting in a child without fever may be a sign of some serious illnesses, including those requiring immediate surgical intervention... Therefore, you can not delay seeking medical help and self-medicate.

Call an ambulance immediately if:

• vomiting is repeated often, does not stop;
• the child cannot be drunk due to the frequent eruption of vomit;
• additional symptoms are present - high fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain;
• fainting, fainting, or, conversely, excessive excitability (crying, screaming, physical activity) appear;
• severe abdominal pain combined with bloating and constipation;
• vomiting occurred after consuming products of dubious quality, chemical additives, medicines;
• vomiting occurred after a head injury, a fall, a blow - an urgent examination by a neurologist is needed;
• lethargy, drowsiness, convulsions, fever are observed.

If vomiting occurs once or twice, the stool is liquid or normal, while the child normally drinks water, plays, sleeps well, then it is not necessary to call an ambulance, but you should contact your local pediatrician.

Diseases accompanied by vomiting without fever

Some serious illnesses in a child may be accompanied by diarrhea, nausea and vomiting without fever. Most often this is observed with the following diseases.

Intestinal infections: typhoid fever, etc. These diseases can be accompanied by high fever, but sometimes it remains normal. Vomiting occurs without connection with food, it may appear one or more times.

The vomit is always the same. Often, diarrhea is more pronounced, the stool is liquid, sometimes with foam, mucus, and has a pungent odor. The child is moody and restless, exhausted, becomes drowsy and lethargic. Refuses to eat and drink, rarely or does not pee at all. Dehydration sets in.

Treatment is carried out only inpatiently for children under one year old, at an older age at home or in a hospital. Absorbing drugs, antibiotic, antiviral and rehydrating agents, probiotics are prescribed. Pain relievers and antipyretic medications may be used as needed.

Food poisoning. Often occurs after the use of canned food, dairy products, puree from meat and fruits. Nausea and vomiting occur after eating, repeated several times. The stool is thin, streaked with blood. Characterized by severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen.

The general state of health becomes worse, the child is capricious, cries, gets tired quickly and becomes lethargic. Refuses to eat and drink. If a child is 3 years old or less and vomiting without fever appears due to food poisoning, then he needs to be hospitalized.

Treatment for older children can be arranged at home. Gastric lavage is performed, absorbing agents, rehydrating drugs, prebiotics, and drugs that relieve spasms and inflammation are prescribed.

Allergy to food or medicine. Vomiting and diarrhea occur after the child has eaten. The masses contain an undigested product. In addition, skin rashes, swelling of the mucous membranes, difficulty breathing may appear. Treatment can be arranged at home or in a hospital.

The basis of therapy is antiallergic drugs. Absorbents and hormonal agents may be prescribed.

Dysbacteriosis. In this condition, vomiting does not appear often, the stool is foamy, sometimes replaced by constipation. Revealed flatulence, whitish plaque in the mouth.

Available itchy skin, peeling, rash. Treatment is carried out at home and comes down to correcting the diet and restoring the balance of microflora with the help of probiotics.

Intestinal intussusception... Without an increase in temperature, the child vomits with bile. Cramping pains in the epigastrium are accompanied by screaming and crying. The stool is jelly-like, streaked with blood. Only surgical treatment is possible.

Acute form of gastritis, duodenitis. First, nausea appears, then profuse repeated vomiting with bile. Bloating, pain, and impaired appetite are noted. Therapeutic measures are carried out at home. The main techniques are diet correction, frequent drinking, and taking pribiotics.

Diseases of the pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Vomiting occurs after eating, one or more times. Vomit with bile and food particles. Concomitant symptoms: severe pain in the epigastrium, belching of air and gas, impaired appetite. Inpatient treatment with the use of hepatoprotectors or drugs with enzymes, taking painkillers, adherence to a therapeutic diet.

Diseases of the central nervous system(ischemia, hydrocephalus, tumors, intracranial pressure). Vomiting is frequent. In the child's behavior, anxiety changes to lethargy. Infants also have a bulging fontanelle.

Treatment, depending on the disease, is carried out at home or in the hospital. It includes taking medications that restore cell nutrition. For hydrocephalus and tumors - surgical methods.

Swallowing a foreign object. Vomiting of food particles with mucus, sometimes with blood. Breathing is impaired, the child is restless. Two options for help: observing and waiting for a natural exit with a chair, or surgery.

Diseases accompanied by vomiting without fever in children under one year old

Gastroesophageal reflux. There are few erupting masses and they have a sour smell. Emptying of the stomach occurs immediately after feeding. The child often hiccups, cries, worries. Hypersalvation is noted.

Treatment is possible at home. Prescribed drugs that block the release of hydrochloric acid and antacids. It is also necessary to adjust the frequency and volume of feedings.

Pyloric stenosis. Vomit is abundant, homogeneous, thrown out by a jet under pressure half an hour after feeding. The symptom appears 2-3 days after birth. The child loses weight, dehydration occurs, convulsions. Treatment is only surgical, urgent.

Pylorospasm. The newborn has a lot of vomiting. Conservative treatment can be arranged at home. It is recommended to feed in small portions and warm compresses on the abdomen. If these methods fail, surgical intervention is necessary.

Congenital diverticulum of the esophagus. Abundant vomiting of digested milk or mixture is observed. The disease causes some weight loss and is treated with surgery.

Causes of vomiting that do not require treatment

In some cases, vomiting that occurs in a child without fever does not require treatment. All that needs to be done is to eliminate the causes of gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Spitting up food leftovers in babies- a normal occurrence that occurs 2-3 times a day. The volume of the outgoing masses is about 1-1.5 teaspoons. The reasons may be an excessive amount of food, the horizontal position of the baby, insufficient development of the gastrointestinal tract functions. In order to eliminate the symptom, you need to feed the child with a raised head, make a "soldier" (hold upright) after each feeding, do not overfeed.

Teething of milk teeth. Vomiting is not abundant, does not affect body weight and appetite. This may be due to swallowing air, feeding during severe pain... To eliminate the symptom, you need to use special gum gels and teethers, and massage the gums.

Introduction of complementary foods. Single vomiting due to insufficient amount of enzymes, rejection of the product by the child's body. The help consists in the temporary elimination of the product.

Psychogenic vomiting in children after 3 years. It can develop against the background of stress, anxiety, or as a reaction to refusing to eat. It is necessary to eliminate the stressful situation, if this does not help, contact a psychologist.

Indigestion. Vomiting and loose stools with particles of undigested food. It is necessary to review the diet and give the child more fluids.

Climate change. Vomiting and diarrhea can occur once or twice, and pass as the child adapts to new conditions.

Prohibited vomiting activities

If the child has vomiting, in no case should:

1. Perform a gastric lavage if the child is unconscious.
2. Give the child antispasmodics and antiemetics without a doctor's recommendation.
3. Do gastric lavage with antiseptic solutions.
4. Choose antibiotics on your own.
5. Do not come for a second examination if the state of health has returned to normal and the symptoms have disappeared.

Useful video about the causes of vomiting in a child